Can the NIH replace all private sector clinical R&D?
A paper by Proudman et al. (2024) finds that doing so would be extremely expensive. Including all preclinical, clinical and post-approval R&D activities, total annual costs to maintain the average lifecycle level of 49.4 approved drugs across all disease areas during the 2018–22 period was estimated to be $139.6 billion. Including only pre-launch costs, total…